# Kubeflow vs Ray

**Leader by vioscaleAI score:** Ray

| Attribute | Kubeflow | Ray |
|---|---|---|
| **vioscaleAI score** | 45.9 (43% (low)) | 70.8 (65% (medium)) |
| activity.commits_last_30d | 1 | 100 |
| adoption.dependent_repos | 40 | 3,641 |
| adoption.github_stars | 15,902 | 44,036 |
| adoption.package_downloads_weekly | - | 11,291,327 |
| content.faq | `[{"answer":"Kubeflow is an open-source platform that provides composable, Kubernetes-native tools for the entire AI lifecycle, including model training, hyperparameter tuning, pipeline orchestration, model management, and notebook environments. It enables AI teams to build scalable ML systems on any Kubernetes infrastructure. It is indexed under MLOps & LLMOps Tools.","source":"https://kubeflow.org","question":"What is Kubeflow?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Kubeflow is open source, so it can be self-hosted and used at no licence cost. It is released under the Apache-2.0 licence. Pricing changes often, so verify at source before relying on it.","source":"https://kubeflow.org","question":"Is Kubeflow free to use?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Kubeflow supports the web and a command-line interface. Platforms we have not confirmed are simply not listed here rather than ruled out.","source":"https://kubeflow.org","question":"What platforms does Kubeflow support?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Kubeflow can be deployed cloud / SaaS, on-premise and self-hosted, so it does not have to run on the vendor's infrastructure.","source":"https://kubeflow.org","question":"Can Kubeflow be self-hosted?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"We have confirmed 9 integrations for Kubeflow, including PyTorch, TensorFlow, JAX, XGBoost, Spark, HuggingFace, DeepSpeed and Megatron, plus 1 more. This is what we could verify from public sources, so the vendor may support others we have not indexed.","source":"https://kubeflow.org","question":"What does Kubeflow integrate with?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Kubeflow is published under the Apache-2.0 licence, a permissive licence that generally allows commercial use and modification. Licence terms can change between releases, so verify against the repository for the version you intend to use.","source":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow","question":"Is Kubeflow open source?","confidence":0.95}]` | `[{"answer":"Ray is an open-source unified framework for scaling Python and machine learning applications across any infrastructure. It provides distributed compute primitives, specialized AI libraries for data processing, model training, tuning, and serving, with seamless scaling from development environments to large clusters. It is indexed under MLOps & LLMOps Tools.","source":"https://www.ray.io","question":"What is Ray?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Ray offers a free tier, so you can start without paying. Pricing changes often, so verify at source before relying on it.","source":"https://www.ray.io","question":"Is Ray free?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Ray supports a command-line interface. Platforms we have not confirmed are simply not listed here rather than ruled out.","source":"https://www.ray.io","question":"What platforms does Ray support?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Ray can be deployed cloud / SaaS, hybrid, on-premise and self-hosted, so it does not have to run on the vendor's infrastructure.","source":"https://www.ray.io","question":"Can Ray be self-hosted?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"We have confirmed 19 integrations for Ray, including PyTorch, TensorFlow, AIBrix, AReaL, Cosmos Curate, Daft, Data-Juicer and DeltaCAT, plus 11 more. This is what we could verify from public sources, so the vendor may support others we have not indexed.","source":"https://www.ray.io","question":"What does Ray integrate with?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Ray is published under the Apache-2.0 licence, a permissive licence that generally allows commercial use and modification. Licence terms can change between releases, so verify against the repository for the version you intend to use.","source":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray","question":"Is Ray open source?","confidence":0.67}]` |
| deployment.options | `{"cloud":true,"hybrid":true,"on_prem":true,"self_hosted":true}` | `{"cloud":true,"self_hosted":true}` |
| description.long | Kubeflow is an open-source platform that provides composable, Kubernetes-native tools for the entire AI lifecycle, including model training, hyperparameter tuning, pipeline orchestration, model management, and notebook environments. It enables AI teams to build scalable ML systems on any Kubernetes infrastructure. | Open-source framework for building and scaling distributed ML and Python applications, supporting the full pipeline from data processing and model training to inference and serving with simple APIs. |
| features.capabilities | `{"role":"platform","managed_cloud":false,"model_serving":true,"self_hostable":true,"multi_provider":true,"vpc_deployment":true,"no_train_on_data":"yes","framework_agnostic":true,"experiment_tracking":true}` | `{"role":"framework","managed_cloud":true,"model_serving":true,"self_hostable":true,"multi_provider":true,"vpc_deployment":true,"otel_compatible":true,"llm_observability":true,"framework_agnostic":true,"experiment_tracking":true}` |
| integrations.count | 7 | 17 |
| integrations.list | `[{"name":"PyTorch"},{"name":"TensorFlow"},{"name":"JAX"},{"name":"XGBoost"},{"name":"Spark"},{"name":"HuggingFace"},{"name":"DeepSpeed"},{"name":"Megatron"},{"name":"MLX"}]` | `[{"name":"PyTorch"},{"name":"TensorFlow"},{"name":"AIBrix"},{"name":"AReaL"},{"name":"Cosmos Curate"},{"name":"Daft"},{"name":"Data-Juicer"},{"name":"DeltaCAT"},{"name":"Modin"},{"name":"NeMo Curator"},{"name":"NeMo-RL"},{"name":"OpenRLHF"},{"name":"RayDP"},{"name":"ROLL"},{"name":"SkyRL"},{"name":"SLIME"},{"name":"Syftr"},{"name":"verl"},{"name":"vLLM"},{"name":"Kubernetes","native":true,"category":"infrastructure"},{"name":"AWS","native":true,"category":"cloud"},{"name":"GCP","native":true,"category":"cloud"},{"name":"Azure","native":true,"category":"cloud"},{"name":"Databricks","native":true,"category":"data_platform"},{"name":"DeltaLake","native":true,"category":"data_storage"},{"name":"Spark","native":true,"category":"data_processing","direction":"bidirectional"},{"name":"Pandas","native":true,"category":"data_processing","direction":"bidirectional"}]` |
| language.primary | - | Python |
| license.spdx | Apache-2.0 | Apache-2.0 |
| platform.support | `{"cli":true,"web":true}` | `{"cli":true}` |
| pricing | `{"type":"open_source","sourceUrl":"https://kubeflow.org","retrievedAt":"2026-10-13T13:46:28.655Z"}` | `{"type":"open_source","sourceUrl":"https://www.ray.io","retrievedAt":"2026-09-14T15:30:52.746Z"}` |
| pricing.free_tier | yes | yes |
| pricing.model | open_source | commercial |
| pricing.price_level | free | free |
| pricing.transparent | yes | - |
| release.cadence_days | 25 | 18 |
| release.history | `[{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/redirect","date":"2026-04-29T13:58:28Z","type":"stable","version":"redirect"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.10.0","date":"2025-03-25T21:59:50Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.10.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.9.2","date":"2024-10-23T23:52:22Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.9.2"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.9.1","date":"2024-10-02T21:36:38Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.9.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.9.0","date":"2024-07-16T21:41:27Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.9.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0","date":"2023-11-01T13:36:46Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.8.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.6","date":"2023-10-31T23:06:29Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.6"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.5","date":"2023-10-25T19:01:42Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.5"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.4","date":"2023-10-25T12:02:17Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.4"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.3","date":"2023-10-24T15:55:58Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.3"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.2","date":"2023-10-16T10:37:58Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.2"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.1","date":"2023-09-21T10:25:13Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.8.0-rc.0","date":"2023-09-07T14:51:47Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.8.0-rc.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.7.0","date":"2023-03-29T15:38:55Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.7.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.6.0","date":"2022-09-07T18:12:53Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.6.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.5.0","date":"2022-03-10T17:21:38Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.5.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.5.0-rc.1","date":"2022-02-14T16:18:02Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.5.0-rc.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.5.0-rc.0","date":"2022-02-14T15:58:54Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.5.0-rc.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.4.0","date":"2021-10-11T21:39:04Z","type":"stable","version":"v1.4.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/releases/tag/v1.4-rc.0","date":"2021-09-14T17:18:05Z","type":"prerelease","version":"v1.4-rc.0"}]` | `[{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.59.0","date":"2026-10-02T07:04:37Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.59.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.58.0","date":"2026-08-23T05:42:08Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.58.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.57.0","date":"2026-08-11T01:15:44Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.57.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.56.1","date":"2026-07-17T23:19:47Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.56.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.56.0","date":"2026-06-29T20:32:55Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.56.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.55.1","date":"2026-04-22T20:24:41Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.55.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.55.0","date":"2026-04-15T20:34:27Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.55.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.54.1","date":"2026-03-25T23:37:39Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.54.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.54.0","date":"2026-02-18T23:44:44Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.54.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.53.0","date":"2025-12-20T15:16:24Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.53.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.51.2","date":"2025-11-29T00:40:40Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.51.2"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.52.1","date":"2025-11-28T02:23:22Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.52.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.52.0","date":"2025-11-21T19:10:39Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.52.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.51.1","date":"2025-11-01T03:27:11Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.51.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.51.0","date":"2025-10-29T05:33:49Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.51.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.50.1","date":"2025-10-18T19:21:43Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.50.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.50.0","date":"2025-10-10T23:06:29Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.50.0"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.49.2","date":"2025-09-19T18:10:36Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.49.2"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.49.1","date":"2025-09-03T00:44:11Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.49.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.49.0","date":"2025-08-26T19:52:24Z","type":"stable","version":"ray-2.49.0"}]` |
| reliability.status_page | - | yes |
| security.scorecard | 4.5 | 5.7 |
| security.vulnerabilities | `{"count":0,"source":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories?ecosystem=go&package_name=github.com%2Fkubeflow%2Fkubeflow%2Fcomponents%2Fprofile-controller&per_page=100","last_12m":0,"max_severity":null}` | `{"count":12,"source":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories?ecosystem=pypi&package_name=ray&per_page=100","last_12m":6,"max_severity":"CRITICAL"}` |

## Capabilities (MLOps & LLMOps Tools)

| Capability | Kubeflow | Ray |
|---|:--:|:--:|
| **Core** |  |  |
| Tool role | End-to-end ML platform | Agent / RAG framework |
| **Deployment** |  |  |
| Self-hostable / OSS core | ✓ | ✓ |
| Managed cloud available | ✗ | ✓ |
| On-prem / VPC deployment | ✓ | ✓ |
| **Observability** |  |  |
| LLM tracing / observability | - | ✓ |
| Evaluation (offline / LLM-judge / human) | - | - |
| **Dev** |  |  |
| Prompt management + versioning | - | - |
| **Tracking** |  |  |
| Experiment tracking / model registry | ✓ | ✓ |
| **Serving** |  |  |
| Model serving / inference endpoint | ✓ | ✓ |
| **Interop** |  |  |
| OpenTelemetry / OpenLLMetry compatible | - | ✓ |
| Framework-agnostic | ✓ | ✓ |
| **Gateway** |  |  |
| Multi-provider model support | ✓ | ✓ |
| **Data** |  |  |
| No-train-on-customer-data guarantee | Yes | - |

*Source: vioscaleAI. Generated 2026-10-16T21:35:49.562Z. "-" = undocumented, not absent.*