# Amazon Neptune vs Virtuoso

**Leader by vioscaleAI score:** Amazon Neptune

| Attribute | Amazon Neptune | Virtuoso |
|---|---|---|
| **vioscaleAI score** | 58.1 (73% (medium)) | 36.7 (77% (high)) |
| activity.commits_last_30d | - | 9 |
| adoption.dependent_repos | - | 1 |
| adoption.github_stars | - | 975 |
| adoption.package_downloads_weekly | - | 22 |
| content.faq | `[{"answer":"A cloud-based graph database that scales serverlessly and analyzes relationships across structured and unstructured data. Designed to improve AI application accuracy through integrated GraphRAG capabilities and support for agentic memory tools. It is indexed under Graph Databases.","source":"https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/pricing/?nc2=h_pr_sgm","question":"What is Amazon Neptune?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Amazon Neptune is sold across 4 plans: On-demand, Serverless, Database Savings Plans and Neptune Analytics. We have not confirmed a published price for every tier. There is no free tier. Pricing changes often, so verify at source before relying on it.","source":"https://aws.amazon.com/neptune/","question":"How much does Amazon Neptune cost?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Amazon Neptune supports the web and a command-line interface. Platforms we have not confirmed are simply not listed here rather than ruled out.","source":"https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/pricing/?nc2=h_pr_sgm","question":"What platforms does Amazon Neptune support?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"We have only confirmed a cloud / SaaS deployment for Amazon Neptune, so it appears to be vendor-hosted. If a self-hosted option exists we have not found it documented publicly.","source":"https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/pricing/?nc2=h_pr_sgm","question":"Can Amazon Neptune be self-hosted?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Amazon Neptune is available worldwide. Its primary market is the United States.","source":"https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/pricing/?nc2=h_pr_sgm","question":"Where is Amazon Neptune available?","confidence":0.5}]` | `[{"answer":"Enterprise-grade platform designed to consolidate and govern data from diverse sources—databases, knowledge graphs, file systems, and APIs—with built-in support for AI agents and language model integration. It is indexed under Graph Databases.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"What is Virtuoso?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Virtuoso is a paid product; published pricing starts at $99.99. It is sold across 4 plans (Personal, Developer, Project and Enterprise). There is no free tier. Prices are published openly on the vendor's own pricing page. Pricing changes often, so verify at source before relying on it.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"How much does Virtuoso cost?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Virtuoso supports Windows, macOS, Linux and a command-line interface. Platforms we have not confirmed are simply not listed here rather than ruled out.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"What platforms does Virtuoso support?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Virtuoso can be deployed self-hosted, so it does not have to run on the vendor's infrastructure.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"Can Virtuoso be self-hosted?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"We have confirmed 5 integrations for Virtuoso, including SQLAlchemy, RDFLib, SQL databases, Linked Data sources and APIs. This is what we could verify from public sources, so the vendor may support others we have not indexed.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"What does Virtuoso integrate with?","confidence":0.6},{"answer":"Yes. Virtuoso is published under the BSD licence, a permissive licence that generally allows commercial use and modification. Licence terms can change between releases, so verify against the repository for the version you intend to use.","source":"https://pypi.org/pypi/virtuoso/json","question":"Is Virtuoso open source?","confidence":0.9},{"answer":"Virtuoso is available worldwide. Its primary market is the United States.","source":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing/","question":"Where is Virtuoso available?","confidence":0.5}]` |
| deployment.options | `{"cloud":true}` | `{"on_prem":true,"self_hosted":true}` |
| description.long | A fully managed, serverless graph database that automatically scales for handling billions of relationships. Supports standard query languages and provides ACID transactions, replication, and encryption to enhance AI applications with better context. | A database server supporting both conventional relational data via SQL and semantic graphs via SPARQL and GraphQL. Designed to integrate diverse data sources into a unified system that enables knowledge graph creation, reasoning, and enterprise-wide data discovery. |
| features.capabilities | `{"workload":"both","deployment":"managed","distributed":"sharded","graph_model":"multi_model","licence_class":"proprietary","vector_search":true,"query_language":"Gremlin, openCypher, SPARQL","replication_ha":true,"full_text_search":"none","standard_support":true,"acid_transactions":"full"}` | `{"workload":"both","deployment":"self_hosted","graph_model":"rdf_triple","licence_class":"source_available","query_language":"SPARQL","replication_ha":true,"standard_support":true}` |
| integrations.count | 4 | 6 |
| integrations.list | `[{"name":"Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases"},{"name":"Strands AI Agents SDK"},{"name":"Amazon Bedrock","native":true,"category":"ai"},{"name":"LangChain","native":true},{"name":"Strands AI","native":true},{"name":"GraphStorm","native":true}]` | `[{"name":"SQLAlchemy"},{"name":"RDFLib"},{"name":"SQL databases"},{"name":"NoSQL databases"},{"name":"Linked Data sources"},{"name":"APIs"}]` |
| language.primary | - | C |
| license.spdx | - | BSD |
| market.availability | `{"primaryMarkets":["US"],"availabilityScope":"global","availableCountries":[],"notAvailableCountries":[]}` | `{"primaryMarkets":["US"],"availabilityScope":"global","availableCountries":[],"notAvailableCountries":[]}` |
| platform.support | `{"cli":true,"web":true}` | `{"mac":true,"web":true,"linux":true,"windows":true}` |
| pricing | `{"type":"usage","plans":[{"free":false,"name":"On-demand","commitment":"monthly","components":[{"per":{"qty":1,"unit":"vCPU-Hour"},"kind":"metered","amount":0.15,"currency":"USD"}],"description":"Hourly billing with no upfront commitments or long-term contracts required","contactSales":false},{"free":false,"name":"Serverless","commitment":"monthly","description":"Automatic scaling that adjusts capacity to meet workload demands","contactSales":false},{"free":false,"name":"Database Savings Plan","commitment":"annual","description":"Commitment-based discount with 1-year contract term","contactSales":false}],"summary":"Usage-based pricing. Free tier for 30 days. Options: on-demand hourly, serverless per capacity unit, or annual savings plan.","currency":"USD","freeTier":true,"sourceUrl":"https://aws.amazon.com/neptune/pricing/","retrievedAt":"2026-10-13T10:34:32.577Z","freeTrialDays":30,"startingPrice":{"unit":"vCPU-Hour","amount":0.15,"currency":"USD"},"billingPeriods":["month","year"]}` | `{"type":"hybrid","plans":[{"free":false,"name":"Personal","summary":"$99.99/year","features":["2 Concurrent Sessions","CPU Core Affinity","Linux, Windows, macOS","Workstation"],"commitment":"annual","components":[{"kind":"fixed","amount":99.99,"period":"year","currency":"USD"}],"contactSales":false},{"free":false,"name":"Developer","summary":"$199/year","features":["5 Concurrent Sessions","Application Development License"],"commitment":"annual","components":[{"kind":"fixed","amount":199,"period":"year","currency":"USD"}],"contactSales":false},{"free":false,"name":"Project","summary":"$499/year","features":["16 Concurrent Sessions","Unlimited CPU Cores","Server-Grade Operating Systems","Enterprise Support"],"commitment":"annual","components":[{"kind":"fixed","amount":499,"period":"year","currency":"USD"}],"contactSales":false}],"summary":"From $99.99/year for workstation licenses. Free open-source edition available under GPL. Perpetual enterprise licenses available on request.","currency":"USD","freeTier":true,"sourceUrl":"https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/pricing","retrievedAt":"2026-10-13T15:16:38.643Z","startingPrice":{"amount":99.99,"period":"year","currency":"USD"},"billingPeriods":["year"]}` |
| pricing.free_tier | yes | yes |
| pricing.model | freemium | freemium |
| pricing.price_level | low | high |
| pricing.starting_price | `{"amount":0.15,"currency":"USD"}` | `{"amount":99.99,"currency":"USD"}` |
| pricing.transparent | no | yes |
| release.cadence_days | - | 143 |
| release.history | - | `[{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.17","date":"2026-05-07T16:19:38Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.17"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.16.1","date":"2025-10-15T19:19:08Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.16.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.16","date":"2025-10-14T16:23:00Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.16"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.15","date":"2025-05-21T14:32:44Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.15"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.14","date":"2024-11-11T16:10:53Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.14"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.13","date":"2024-06-12T08:08:55Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.13"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.12","date":"2024-02-13T17:03:29Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.12"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.11","date":"2023-09-26T16:53:27Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.11"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.10","date":"2023-06-07T14:13:02Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.10"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.9","date":"2023-02-28T09:52:41Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.9"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.8","date":"2022-10-19T13:39:51Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.8"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.7","date":"2022-05-18T15:53:34Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.7"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.6.1","date":"2021-06-22T17:26:01Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.6.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.5.1","date":"2018-08-15T18:41:17Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.5.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.5","date":"2018-08-16T11:00:56Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.5"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.4.2","date":"2016-04-25T16:40:01Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.4.2"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.2.1","date":"2015-12-09T21:59:50Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.2.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.1","date":"2015-06-24T19:38:34Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.1"},{"url":"https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/releases/tag/v7.2.0.1","date":"2015-02-17T14:35:22Z","type":"stable","version":"v7.2.0.1"}]` |
| reliability.status_page | yes | yes |
| security.certifications | `[{"name":"SOC 2","status":"active"},{"name":"FedRAMP","level":"Moderate and High","status":"active"},{"name":"HIPAA","status":"active"}]` | - |
| security.disclosure_policy | yes | - |
| security.fedramp | yes | - |
| security.gdpr | yes | - |
| security.hipaa | yes | - |
| security.pci | yes | - |
| security.scorecard | - | 2.7 |
| security.soc2 | yes | - |
| security.trust_center | https://aws.amazon.com/security/ | - |
| security.vulnerabilities | - | `{"count":0,"source":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories?ecosystem=maven&package_name=com.openlinksw%3Avirtjdbc4&per_page=100","last_12m":0,"max_severity":null}` |

## Capabilities (Graph Databases)

| Capability | Amazon Neptune | Virtuoso |
|---|:--:|:--:|
| **Model** |  |  |
| Graph model | Multi-model | RDF / triple |
| Query language(s) | Gremlin, openCypher, SPARQL | SPARQL |
| **Transactions** |  |  |
| ACID transactions | Full | - |
| Consistency model | - | - |
| **Architecture** |  |  |
| Storage | - | - |
| Distributed / scale | Sharded | - |
| Replication / HA | ✓ | ✓ |
| OLTP vs OLAP | Both | Both |
| **Deployment** |  |  |
| Deployment | Managed | Self-hosted |
| **Search** |  |  |
| Full-text search | None | - |
| Built-in vector search | ✓ | - |
| **Licensing** |  |  |
| Licence class | Proprietary | Source-available |
| **Portability** |  |  |
| openCypher / TinkerPop standard | ✓ | ✓ |

*Source: vioscaleAI. Generated 2026-10-16T19:19:24.953Z. "-" = undocumented, not absent.*